B-cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It’s also the most common type of lymphoma. Approximately 85% of all lymphomas in the United States are B-cell lymphomas.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are cancers that develop in the lymphatic system, a network of tissues, lymph nodes, and organs that play an important role in your immune system.

Symptoms of B-cell lymphomas include:

  • enlargement of one or more lymph nodes
  • fever
  • fatigue
  • night sweats
  • coughing
  • unexplained weight loss

Getting older is the strongest risk factor for B-cell lymphoma, with most cases occurring in people who are 60 or older.

Other risk factors include having a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) with lymphoma, exposure to chemicals or radiation, and having a weakened immune system.

B-cell vs T-cell lymphomas

Lymphomas begin in white blood cells called lymphocytes. These cells help the body fight infections. There are two main types of lymphocytes:

  • B lymphocytes (B cells): B cells help protect the body against germs by producing proteins called antibodies. These antibodies attach to the germs, marking them for removal by the immune system.
  • T lymphocytes (T cells): There are different types of T cells. Some destroy germs or abnormal cells in the body; others help boost or slow the activity of the immune system.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of B-cell lymphoma. It accounts for roughly 1 out of every 3 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

DLBCL typically begins as a mass in a lymph node. It can also form in the bone, intestine, spinal cord, or brain.

Other types of B-cell lymphoma include:

  • Follicular lymphoma: This is the second most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It’s slow-growing and usually starts in the lymph nodes.
  • Mantle cell lymphoma: This type of B-cell lymphoma involves the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and gastrointestinal system. It’s slow-growing but difficult to treat.
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): This type is slow to develop and typically affects the blood and bone marrow (CLL) or lymph nodes and spleen (SLL).
  • Primary central nervous system lymphoma: This type usually starts in the brain or spinal cord. It’s associated with immune problems caused by AIDS or anti-rejection medications used following organ transplantation.
  • Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALT): This type usually involves the stomach. It can also occur in the lungs, skin, thyroid, salivary gland, or eye.
  • Hairy cell leukemia: This is a slow-growing type that affects the spleen, lymph nodes, and blood.
  • Burkitt lymphoma: This is a fast-growing type of lymphoma more commonly found in children.

Treatment for B-cell lymphoma depends on its type and stage. For certain slow-growing types, doctors may adopt a watch-and-wait method.

Treatment for others may involve a combination of therapies, including:

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is curable in up to 50% of people who receive complete remission after first-line therapy.

As with most cancers, catching them in the earlier stages provides a better outlook. Don’t hesitate to see a doctor if you’re experiencing any of the symptoms of B-cell lymphoma.