Stress can be a trigger for migraine, specifically post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is common in many veterans.

Migraine headaches cause intense, throbbing pain and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. They can happen to anyone, but some people can be more susceptible to migraine than others, such as women and people with a family history of the condition.

Genetics and hormone fluctuations play an important role, but external or environmental triggers, such as alcohol, certain foods, and changes in weather, can also affect the likelihood of developing migraine.

One of the biggest environmental triggers for migraine is stress.

Veterans who experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after serving in the military may be uniquely vulnerable to migraine. According to a 2020 study, older male veterans are exposed to highly stressful combat environments and have higher rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI), concussion (mild TBI), and neck trauma than people who haven’t been exposed to those environments.

According to some estimates, up to 36% of veterans who served during Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom experience migraine compared with 12% to 15% of the general population.

The underlying relationship is not fully understood, but experts believe it may be related to a disconnect in how the brain regulates the nervous system.

Both medication and healthy lifestyle habits are effective against migraine.

Depending on how severe and frequent your symptoms are, your doctor may recommend one of these preventive medications:

If you’re experiencing migraine symptoms, talk with your doctor about pain relievers for acute care that might be right for you, such as:

  • aspirin
  • acetaminophen (Tylenol)
  • NSAIDs such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
  • triptans
  • ergotamines
  • CGRP antagonists
    • rimegepant
    • zavegepant

A healthy lifestyle can help prevent and manage migraine. Some actions you can take include:

  • Get adequate sleep: Being sleep-deprived is a risk factor for migraine.
  • Don’t skip meals: Avoid migraine-triggering spikes and drops in blood pressure by regularly eating small meals and snacks.
  • Drink plenty of water: Staying hydrated can help prevent headaches.
  • Avoid triggering foods: Some foods that can cause migraine include processed meats, MSG, caffeine, alcohol, and certain cheeses.
  • Practice stress relief techniques: Deep breathing, yoga, or meditation can help.

PTSD is a complex condition, and many different tools can help you cope. You can choose what works for you. The National Center for PTSD, which is a part of the Department of Veterans Affairs, has a wealth of resources and information.

Healing doesn’t happen overnight, but you can lay the groundwork for positively moving forward with any of these strategies:

  • Talk with others: It can reduce feelings of isolation and depression.
  • Practice relaxation techniques: Try things like muscle relaxation, stretching, and spending time in nature.
  • Find a creative outlet or take up a hobby: It will give you something else to focus on.
  • Be gentle with yourself: Remind yourself that it is natural to have painful memories and that those memories are not actually occurring in the present.
  • If you feel a sense of panic, slow your breathing: The more you model calm for your brain, the more it will get the message that it doesn’t have to panic.
  • Stick to a sleep schedule: Keeping your body regulated helps you feel well-rested.
  • Exercise: It can help relieve tension and anger.
  • Don’t overextend yourself: Prioritize tasks and events that matter most.
  • Talk with your doctor: They might be able to recommend additional tools, other experts, or certain medications.

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), migraine can qualify as a disability if it severely impacts your ability to work or carry out daily activities. You may be able to receive Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) if you meet the Social Security Administration’s (SSA’s) criteria for a medically determinable impairment.

Your job is protected under federal law, and you may be entitled to workplace accommodations such as alternative lighting, noise-canceling headphones, or a flexible work schedule.

If I need to apply for disability, can the VA approve me for migraine?

Yes, the VA (Veterans Affairs) can approve you for disability if you meet eligibility requirements for migraine. You will need to complete a disability benefits questionnaire and supply evidence supporting your claim, including medical and service records.

What evidence does the VA need to process disability for migraine?

To meet eligibility requirements, you will need to submit the following to the VA:

  • your DD214 or other separation documents
  • your service treatment records
  • any medical evidence related to your condition, like doctors’ reports, X-rays, and medical test results (Diagnostic testing is not required.)

You can also submit lay evidence from someone who knows your situation. This person does not need specific training or education. Anyone may submit a written testimony on your behalf.

If you have concerns about migraine related to prior military service, talk with your doctor about your symptoms. Prepare to share your symptoms, how long you have had them, and what makes them better or worse. Ask your doctor about treatments, including medication, interventions, therapy, or lifestyle or behavior changes.

If you’re interested in applying for SSDI, you should speak with your doctor about your symptoms and how they impact your daily functioning. Depending on the circumstances, your doctor may have to submit a letter or complete a form about your disability.

Veterans have a higher rate of migraine than the general population, likely in part due to the extreme physical and mental trauma of military service. But there are medications and lifestyle habits that can both prevent and treat migraine.

If you’re a veteran experiencing migraine, you may also be eligible to receive disability insurance through the VA.